Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 3 2009 10.5194/acp-9-909-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/909/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/909/2009/acp-9-909-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/909/2009/acp-9-909-2009.pdf 909 925 2009-02-05 Exploring the relation between aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 at Cabauw, the Netherlands M. Schaap martijn.schaap@tno.nl A. Apituley R. M. A. Timmermans R. B. A. Koelemeijer G. de Leeuw TNO, Business unit Environment, Health and Safety, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 AH Bilthoven, The Netherlands Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP), P.O. Box 303, 3720 AH Bilthoven, The Netherlands Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Unit, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland Estimates of PM_2.5 distributions based on satellite data depend critically on an established relation between AOD and ground level PM_2.5. In this study we performed an experiment at Cabauw to establish a relation between AOD and PM_2.5 for the Netherlands. A first inspection of the AERONET L1.5 AOD and PM_2.5 data showed a low correlation between the two properties. The AERONET L1.5 showed relatively many observations of high AOD values paired to low PM_2.5 values, which hinted cloud contamination. Various methods were used to detect cloud contamination in the AERONET data to substantiate this hypothesis. A cloud screening method based on backscatter LIDAR observations was chosen to detect cloud contaminated observations in the AERONET L1.5 AOD. A later evaluation of AERONET L2.0 showed that the most data that are excluded in the update from L1.5 to L2.0 were also excluded by our cloud screening, which provides confidence in both our cloud-screening method as well as the final screening in the AERONET procedure. The use of LIDAR measurements in conjunction with the CIMEL AOD data is regarded highly beneficial. Contra-intuitively, the AOD to PM_2.5 relationship was shown to be insensitive to inclusion of the mixed layer height. The robustness of the relation improves dependent on the time window during the day towards noon. The final relation found for Cabauw is PM_2.5=124.5×AOD−0.34 and is valid for fair weather conditions. The relationship found between bias corrected MODIS AOD and PM_2.5 at Cabauw is very similar to the analysis based on the much larger dataset from ground based data only. We applied the relationship to a MODIS composite map to assess the PM_2.5 distribution over the Netherlands for the first time. 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