Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 9 5 2009 10.5194/acp-9-1521-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1521/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1521/2009/acp-9-1521-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/9/1521/2009/acp-9-1521-2009.pdf 1521 1535 2009-03-02 Fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in Göteborg, Sweden S. Szidat szidat@iac.unibe.ch M. Ruff N. Perron L. Wacker H.-A. Synal M. Hallquist A. S. Shannigrahi K. E. Yttri C. Dye D. Simpson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 2027 Kjeller, Norway Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, Norway Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg Particulate matter was collected at an urban site in Göteborg (Sweden) in February/March 2005 and in June/July 2006. Additional samples were collected at a rural site for the winter period. Total carbon (TC) concentrations were 2.1–3.6 μg m^−3, 1.8–1.9 μg m^−3, and 2.2–3.0 μg m^−3 for urban/winter, rural/winter, and urban/summer conditions, respectively. Elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-insoluble OC (WINSOC), and water-soluble OC (WSOC) were analyzed for ¹⁴C in order to distinguish fossil from non-fossil emissions. As wood burning is the single major source of non-fossil EC, its contribution can be quantified directly. For non-fossil OC, the wood-burning fraction was determined independently by levoglucosan and ¹⁴C analysis and combined using Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS). For the winter period, the relative contribution of EC from wood burning to the total EC was >3 times higher at the rural site compared to the urban site, whereas the absolute concentrations of EC from wood burning were elevated only moderately at the rural compared to the urban site. Thus, the urban site is substantially more influenced by fossil EC emissions. For summer, biogenic emissions dominated OC concentrations most likely due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. 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