Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics www.atmos-chem-phys.net 1680-7316 1680-7324 7 2 2007 10.5194/acp-7-355-2007 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/355/2007/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/355/2007/acp-7-355-2007.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/7/355/2007/acp-7-355-2007.pdf 355 376 2007-01-23 Nucleation and growth of new particles in Po Valley, Italy A. Hamed Amar.Hamed@uku.fi J. Joutsensaari S. Mikkonen L. Sogacheva M. Dal Maso M. Kulmala F. Cavalli S. Fuzzi M. C. Facchini S. Decesari M. Mircea K. E. J. Lehtinen A. Laaksonen Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014,University of Helsinki, Finland Inst. di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima – CNR, Italy Via Gobetti 101, 40 129 Bologna, Italy Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio Unit, P.O. Box 1627, 70210 Kuopio, Finland Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland Aerosol number distribution measurements are reported at San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) station (44°39' N, 11°37' E) for the time period 2002–2005. The station is located in Po Valley, the largest industrial, trading and agricultural area in Italy with a high population density. New particle formation was studied based on observations of the particle size distribution, meteorological and gas phase parameters. The nucleation events were classified according to the event clarity based on the particle number concentrations, and the particle formation and growth rates. Out of a total of 769 operational days from 2002 to 2005 clear events were detected on 36% of the days whilst 33% are clearly non-event days. The event frequency was high during spring and summer months with maximum values in May and July, whereas lower frequency was observed in winter and autumn months. The average particle formation and growth rates were estimated as ~6 cm^−3 s^−1 and ~7 nm h^−1, respectively. Such high growth and formation rates are typical for polluted areas. Temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, SO₂ and O₃ concentrations were on average higher on nucleation days than on non-event days, whereas relative and absolute humidity and NO₂ concentration were lower; however, seasonal differences were observed. Backtrajectory analysis suggests that during majority of nucleation event days, the air masses originate from northern to eastern directions. We also study previously developed nucleation event correlations with environmental variables and show that they predict Po Valley nucleation events with variable success. Alam, A., Shi, J. P., and Harrison, R. M.: Observations of new particle formation in urban air, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4093, doi:10.1029/2001JD001417, 2003. Baltensperger, U., Streit, N., Weingartner, E., Nyeki, S., Prévôt, A. S. 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