Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
www.atmos-chem-phys.net
1680-7316
1680-7324
6
12
2006
10.5194/acp-6-5129-2006
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5129/2006/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5129/2006/acp-6-5129-2006.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/6/5129/2006/acp-6-5129-2006.pdf
5129
5142
2006-11-08
Characterization of on-road vehicle emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area using a mobile laboratory in chase and fleet average measurement modes during the MCMA-2003 field campaign
M. Zavala
miguelz@mit.edu
S. C. Herndon
R. S. Slott
E. J. Dunlea
L. C. Marr
J. H. Shorter
M. Zahniser
W. B. Knighton
T. M. Rogers
C. E. Kolb
L. T. Molina
M. J. Molina
Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, San Diego, CA, USA
now at: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
now at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA, USA
now at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, USA
A mobile laboratory was used to measure on-road vehicle emission ratios
during the MCMA-2003 field campaign held during the spring of 2003 in the
Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The measured emission ratios represent
a sample of emissions of in-use vehicles under real world driving
conditions for the MCMA. From the relative amounts of NO<sub>x</sub> and selected
VOC's sampled, the results indicate that the technique is capable of
differentiating among vehicle categories and fuel type in real world driving
conditions. Emission ratios for NO<sub>x</sub>, NO<sub>y</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>CO,
CH<sub>3</sub>CHO, and other selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are
presented for chase sampled vehicles in the form of frequency distributions
as well as estimates for the fleet averaged emissions. Our measurements of
emission ratios for both CNG and gasoline powered "colectivos" (public
transportation buses that are intensively used in the MCMA) indicate that
– in a mole per mole basis – have significantly larger NO<sub>x</sub> and aldehydes
emissions ratios as compared to other sampled vehicles in the MCMA.
Similarly, ratios of selected VOCs and NO<sub>y</sub> showed a strong dependence
on traffic mode. These results are compared with the vehicle emissions
inventory for the MCMA, other vehicle emissions measurements in the MCMA,
and measurements of on-road emissions in U.S. cities. We estimate NO<sub>x</sub>
emissions as 100 600±29 200 metric tons per year for light duty
gasoline vehicles in the MCMA for 2003. According to these results, annual
NO<sub>x</sub> emissions estimated in the emissions inventory for this category
are within the range of our estimated NO<sub>x</sub> annual emissions. Our
estimates for motor vehicle emissions of benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, and
acetaldehyde in the MCMA indicate these species are present in
concentrations higher than previously reported. The high motor vehicle
aldehyde emissions may have an impact on the photochemistry of urban areas.
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