References

ACP

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

ACP

1680-7324

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acp-10-11489-2010

The effect of fatty acid surfactants on the uptake of ozone to aqueous halogenide particles

Rouvière

¹ Ammann

Laboratory for Radio and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

03 12 2010

10 23 11489 11500

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/11489/2010/acp-10-11489-2010.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/11489/2010/acp-10-11489-2010.pdf

The reactive uptake of ozone to deliquesced potassium iodide aerosol particles coated with linear saturated fatty acids (C9, C12, C15, C18 and C20) was studied. The experiments were performed in an aerosol flow tube at 293 K and atmospheric pressure. The uptake coefficient on pure deliquesced KI aerosol was γ = (1.10±0.20)×10−2 at 72–75% relative humidity. In presence of organic coatings, the uptake coefficient decreased significantly for long straight chain surfactants (≥C15), while it was only slightly reduced for the short ones (C9, C12). We linked the kinetic results to the monolayer properties of the surfactants, and specifically to the expected phase state of the monolayer formed (liquid expanded or liquid condensed state). The results showed a decrease of the uptake coefficient by 30% for C12, 85% for C15 and 50% for C18 in presence of a monolayer of a fatty acid at the equilibrium spreading pressure at the air/water interface. The variation among C12, C15 and C18 follows the density of the monolayer at equilibrium spreading pressure, which is highest for the C15 fatty acid. We also investigated the effect of organic films to mixed deliquesced aerosol composed of a variable mixture of KI and NaCl, which allowed determining the resistance exerted to O3 at the aqueous surface by the two longer chained surfactants pentadecanoic acid (C15) and stearic acid (C18). For these, the probability that a molecule hitting the surface is actually transferred to the aqueous phase underneath was βC15=6.8×10−4 and βC18 = 3.3×10−4, respectively. Finally, the effect of two-component coatings, consisting of a mixture of long and short chained surfactants, was studied qualitatively.

References 1

Aller, J. Y., Kuznetsova, M. R., Jahns, C. J., and Kemp, P. F.: The sea surface microlayer as a source of viral and bacterial enrichment in marine aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci., 36, 801–812, 2005.

Andrews, E. and Larson, S. M.: Effect of surfactant layers on the size changes of aerosol particles as a function of relative humidity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 857–865, 1993.

Aumann, E. and Tabazadeh, A.: Rate of organic film formation and oxidation on aqueous drops, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D23205. doi:10.1029/2007JD009738, 2008

Badger, C. L., Griffiths, P. T., George, I., Abbatt, J. P. D., and Cox, R. A.: Reactive Uptake of N2O$_5$ by Aerosol Particles Containing Mixtures of Humic Acid and Ammonium Sulfate, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 6986–6994, 2006.

Barnes, G. T.: Permeation through monolayers, Collo. Surf. A, 126, 149–158, 1997.

Bertram, T. H. and Thornton, J. A.: Toward a general parameterization of N2O5 reactivity on aqueous particles: the competing effects of particle liquid water, nitrate and chloride, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8351–8363, doi:10.5194/acp-9-8351-2009, 2009.

Burden, D. K., Johnson, A. M., and Nathanson, G. M.: HCl Uptake through Films of Pentanoic Acid and Pentanoic Acid/Hexanol Mixtures at the Surface of Sulfuric Acid, J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 14131–14140, 2009.

Cavalli, F., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Mircea, M., Emblico, L., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Yoon, Y. J., O'Dowd, C. D., Putaud, J. P., and Dell'Acqua, A.: Advances in characterization of size-resolved organic matter in marine aerosol over the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D24215, doi:10.1029/2004JD005137, 2004.

Chan, M. N. and Chan, C. K.: Mass transfer effects in hygroscopic measurements of aerosol particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2703–2712, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2703-2005, 2005.

Cheng, Y., Li, S.-M., Leithead, A., Brickell, P. C., and Leaitch, W. R.: Characterizations of cis-pinonic acid and n-fatty acids on fine aerosols in the Lower Fraser Valley during Pacific 2001 Air Quality Study, Atmos. Environ., 38, 5789–5800, 2004.

Chuang, P. Y.: Measurement of the timescale of hygroscopic growth for atmospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4282, doi:10.1029/2002JD002757, 2003.

Cosman, L. M. and Bertram, A. K.: Reactive uptake of N2O5 on aqueous H2SO4 solutions coated with 1-component and 2-component monolayers, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 4625–4635, 2008.

Cosman, L. M., Knopf, D. A., and Bertram, A. K.: N2O$_5$ Reactive Uptake on Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Coated with Branched and Straight-Chain Insoluble Organic Surfactants, J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 2386–2396, 2008.

Day, D. A., Takahama, S., Gilardoni, S., and Russell, L. M.: Organic composition of single and submicron particles in different regions of western North America and the eastern Pacific during INTEX-B 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5433–5446, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5433-2009, 2009.

Donaldson, D. J. and Vaida, V.: The Influence of Organic Films at the Air-Aqueous Boundary on Atmospheric Processes, Chem. Rev., 106, 1445–1461, 2006.

Ellison, G. B., Tuck, A. F., and Vaida, V.: Atmospheric processing of organic aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11633–11641, 1999.

Enami, S., Vecitis, C. D., Cheng, J., Hoffmann, M. R., and Colussi, A. J.: Mass spectrometry of interfacial layers during fast aqueous aerosol/ozone gas reactions of atmospheric interest, Chem. Phys. Lett., 455, 316–320, 2008.

Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Decesari, S., Carbone, C., Finessi, E., Mircea, M., Fuzzi, S., Ceburnis, D., Flanagan, R., Nilsson, E. D., de Leeuw, G., Martino, M., Woeltjen, J., and O'Dowd, C. D.: Primary submicron marine aerosol dominated by insoluble organic colloids and aggregates, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17814, doi:10.1029/2008GL034210, 2008.

Gabler, H. E. and Heumann, K. G.: Determination of Particulate Iodine in Aerosols from Different Regions by Size Fractionating Impactor Sampling and Idms, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 50, 129–146, 1993.

Gill, P. S., Graedel, T. E., and Weschler, C. J.: Organic Films on Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, Fog Droplets, Cloud Droplets, Raindrops, and Snowflakes, Rev. Geophys., 21, 903–920, 1983.

Gilman, J. B., Tervahattu, H., and Vaida, V.: Interfacial properties of mixed films of long-chain organics at the air-water interface, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6606–6614, 2006.

Gilman, J. B. and Vaida, V.: Permeability of Acetic Acid through Organic Films at the Air-Aqueous Interface, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 7581–7587, 2006.

Glass, S. V., Park, S.-C., and Nathanson, G. M.: Evaporation of Water and Uptake of HCl and HBr through Hexanol Films at the Surface of Supercooled Sulfuric Acid, J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 7593–7601, 2006.

Hayase, S., Yabushita, A., Kawasaki, M., Enami, S., Hoffmann, M. R., and Colussi, A. J.: Heterogeneous Reaction of Gaseous Ozone with Aqueous Iodide in the Presence of Aqueous Organic Species, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114, 6016–6021, 2010.

Hou, X., Zhuang, G., Sun, Y., and An, Z.: Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids in PM$_2.5$ aerosols in dust season in China, Atmos. Environ., 40, 3251–3262, 2006.

Huang, X.-F., He, L.-Y., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.-H.: Annual variation of particulate organic compounds in PM$_2.5$ in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2449–2458, 2006.

Johann, R. and Vollhardt, D.: Texture features of long-chain fatty acid monolayers at high pH of the aqueous subphase, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst., 8–9, 35–42, 1999.

Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.

Kanicky, J. R., Poniatowski, A. F., Mehta, N. R., and Shah, D. O.:Cooperativity among molecules at interfaces in relation to various technological processes: Effect of chain length on the pk(a)of fatty acid salt solutions, Langmuir, 16, 172–177, 2000.

Kanicky, J. R. and Shah, D. O.: Effect of degree, type, and position of unsaturation on the pk(a) of long-chain fatty acids, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 256, 201–207, 2002.

Knopf, D. A., Cosman, L. M., Mousavi, P., Mokamati, S., and Bertram, A. K.: A Novel Flow Reactor for Studying Reactions on Liquid Surfaces Coated by Organic Monolayers: Methods, Validation, and Initial Results, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 11021–11032, 2007.

Krisch, M. J., D'Auria, R., Brown, M. A., Tobias, D. J., Hemminger, C., Ammann, M., Starr, D. E., and Bluhm, H.: The Effect of an Organic Surfactant on the Liquid-Vapor Interface of an Electrolyte Solution, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 13497–13509, 2007.

Kuznetsova, M., Lee, C., and Aller, J.: Characterization of the proteinaceous matter in marine aerosols, Marine Chem., 96, 359–377, 2005.

Latif, M. T. and Brimblecombe, P.: Surfactants in Atmospheric Aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 6501–6506, 2004.

Leck, C. and Bigg, E. K.: Source and evolution of the marine aerosol – A new perspective, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19803, doi:10.1029/2005GL023651, 2005.

Liu, Q., Schurter, L. M., Muller, C. E., Aloisio, S., Francisco, J. S., and Margerum, D. W.: Kinetics and Mechanisms of Aqueous Ozone Reactions with Bromide, Sulfite, Hydrogen Sulfite, Iodide, and Nitrite Ions, Inorg. Chem., 40, 4436–4442, 2001.

McNeill, V. F., Patterson, J., Wolfe, G. M., and Thornton, J. A.: The effect of varying levels of surfactant on the reactive uptake of N2O$_5$ to aqueous aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1635–1644, doi:10.5194/acp-6-1635-2006, 2006.

McNeill, V. F., Wolfe, G. M., and Thornton, J. A.: The Oxidation of Oleate in Submicron Aqueous Salt Aerosols: Evidence of a Surface Process, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 1073–1083, 2007.

Mochida, M., Kitamori, Y., Kawamura, K., Nojiri, Y., and Suzuki, K.: Fatty acids in the marine atmosphere: Factors governing their concentrations and evaluation of organic films on sea-salt particles, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4325, doi:10.1029/2001JD001278, 2002.

Mochida, M., Umemoto, N., Kawamura, K., Lim, H.-J., and Turpin, B. J.: Bimodal size distributions of various organic acids and fatty acids in the marine atmosphere: Influence of anthropogenic aerosols, Asian dusts, and sea spray off the coast of East Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15209, doi:10.1029/2006JD007773, 2007.

O'Dowd, C. D., Facchini, M. C., Cavalli, F., Ceburnis, D., Mircea, M., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Yoon, Y. J., and Putaud, J. P.: Biogenically driven organic contribution to marine aerosol, Nature, 431, 676–680, 2004.

Park, S. C., Burden, D. K., and Nathanson, G. M.: The Inhibition of N2O5 Hydrolysis in Sulfuric Acid by 1-Butanol and 1-Hexanol Surfactant Coatings, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 2921–2929, 2007.

Park, S. C., Burden, D. K., and Nathanson, G. M.: Surfactant Control of Gas Transport and Reactions at the Surface of Sulfuric Acid, Accounts Chem. Res., 42, 379–387, 2009.

Pio, C., Alves, C., and Duarte, A.: Organic components of aerosols in a forested area of central Greece, Atmos. Environ., 35, 389–401, 2001.

Pöschl, U., Rudich, Y., and Ammann, M.: Kinetic model framework for aerosol and cloud surface chemistry and gas-particle interactions – Part 1: General equations, parameters, and terminology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5989–6023, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5989-2007, 2007.

Putaud, J. P., Raes, F., Van Dingenen, R., Bruggemann, E., Facchini, M. C., Decesari, S., Fuzzi, S., Gehrig, R., Huglin, C., Laj, P., Lorbeer, G., Maenhaut, W., Mihalopoulos, N., Mulller, K., Querol, X., Rodriguez, S., Schneider, J., Spindler, G., ten Brink, H., Torseth, K., and Wiedensohler, A.: European aerosol phenomenology-2: chemical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2579–2595, 2004.

Riemer, N., Vogel, H., Vogel, B., Anttila, T., Kiendler-Scharr, A., and Mentel, T. F.: Relative importance of organic coatings for the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O$_5$ during summer in Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D17307, doi:10.1029/2008JD011369, , 2009.

Robinson, A. L., Subramanian, R., Donahue, N. M., Bernardo-Bricker, A., and Rogge, W. F.: Source Apportionment of Molecular Markers and Organic Aerosol. 3. Food Cooking Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7820–7827, 2006.

Rouvière, A., Sosedova, Y., and Ammann, M.: Uptake of ozone to deliquesced KI and mixed KI/NaCl aerosol particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 114(26), 7085–7093, doi:10.1021/jp103257d, 2010.

Rudich, Y.: Laboratory Perspectives on the Chemical Transformations of Organic Matter in Atmospheric Particles, Chem. Rev., 103, 5097–5124, 2003.

Schauer, J. J., Kleeman, M. J., Cass, G. R., and Simoneit, B. R. T.: Measurement of Emissions from Air Pollution Sources. 4. C1-C27 Organic Compounds from Cooking with Seed Oils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 567–575, 2001.

Seidl, W.: Model for a surface film of fatty acids on rain water and aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4917–4932, 2000.

Simoneit, B. R. T. and Mazurek, M. A.: Organic Matter of the Troposphere–II.: Natural Background of biogenic lipid matter in aerosols over the rural western United States, Atmos. Environ., 41, 4–24, 2007.

Smith, G. D., Woods, E., DeForest, C. L., Baer, T., and Miller, R. E.: Reactive Uptake of Ozone by Oleic Acid Aerosol Particles: Application of Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry to Heterogeneous Reaction Kinetics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 8085-8095, 2002.

Smoydzin, L. and von Glasow, R.: Do organic surface films on sea salt aerosols influence atmospheric chemistry?- A model study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5555–5567, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5555-2007, 2007.

Stemmler, K., Vlasenko, A., Guimbaud, C., and Ammann, M.: The effect of fatty acid surfactants on the uptake of nitric acid to deliquesced NaCl aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5127–5141, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5127-2008, 2008.

Stewart, D. J., Griffiths, P. T., and Cox, R. A.: Reactive uptake coefficients for heterogeneous reaction of N2O$_5$ with submicron aerosols of NaCl and natural sea salt, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1381–1388, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1381-2004, 2004.

Tabazadeh, A.: Organic aggregate formation in aerosols and its impact on the physicochemical properties of atmospheric particles, Atmos. Environ., 39, 5472–5480, 2005.

Tervahattu, H., Hartonen, K., Kerminen, V. M., Kupiainen, K., Aarnio, P., Koskentalo, T., Tuck, A. F., and Vaida, V.: New evidence of an organic layer on marine aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4053, doi:10.1029/2000JD000282, 2002a.

Tervahattu, H., Juhanoja, J., and Kupiainen, K.: Identification of an organic coating on marine aerosol particles by TOF-SIMS, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4319, doi:10.1029/2001JD001403, 2002b.

Tervahattu, H., Juhanoja, J., Vaida, V., Tuck, A. F., Niemi, J. V., Kupiainen, K., Kulmala, M., and Vehkamãki, H.: Fatty acids on continental sulfate aerosol particles, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06207, doi:10.1029/2004JD005400, 2005.

Thornton, J. A., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: N2O$_5$ Reaction on Submicron Sea Salt Aerosol: Kinetics, Products, and the Effect of Surface Active Organics, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 10004–10012, 2005.

Tobias, D. J. and Hemminger, J. C.: Chemistry – Getting specific about specific ion effects, Science, 319, 1197–1198, 2008.

Woods, E. I., Kim, H. S., Wivagg, C. N., Dotson, S. J., Broekhuizen, K. E., and Frohardt, E. F.: Phase Transitions and Surface Morphology of Surfactant-Coated Aerosol Particles, J. Phys. Chem. A, 111, 11013–11020, 2007.

Xiong, J. Q., Zhong, M., Fang, C., Chen, L. C., and Lippmann, M.: Influence of Organic Films on the Hygroscopicity of Ultrafine Sulfuric Acid Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3536–3541, 1998.

Zahardis, J. and Petrucci, G. A.: The oleic acid-ozone heterogeneous reaction system: products, kinetics, secondary chemistry, and atmospheric implications of a model system – a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1237–1274, doi:10.5194/acp-7-1237-2007, 2007.

Zhang, Q., Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Ulbrich, I., Alfarra, M. R., Takami, A., Middlebrook, A. M., Sun, Y. L., Dzepina, K., Dunlea, E., Docherty, K., DeCarlo, P. F., Salcedo, D., Onasch, T., Jayne, J. T., Miyoshi, T., Shimono, A., Hatakeyama, S., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Schneider, J., Drewnick, F., Borrmann, S., Weimer, S., Demerjian, K., Williams, P., Bower, K., Bahreini, R., Cottrell, L., Griffin, R. J., Rautiainen, J., Sun, J. Y., Zhang, Y. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/2007GL029979, 2007.